Common steel pipes (such as seamless pipes or welded steel tubes) are 12 meters long and can be placed in the cabin. If the steel pipe is placed on the deck, it must be carefully tied to avoid damage during shipping.
1. The characteristics of the steel pipe itself - the cargo factor
The steel pipe itself is easy to rust. This is because when steel products are transported in a humid environment, after contacting moisture and oxygen in the air, an oxidation reaction will occur at room temperature, resulting in the iron element on the surface turning into rust (iron oxide). This characteristic is determined by the chemical properties of the steel pipe itself and is inherent. But any chemical reaction requires external conditions, and the external conditions for steel pipes to rust are water and oxygen, both of which are indispensable.
The oxygen component will inevitably come into contact with the steel during actual transportation, but water can avoid contact with the steel. Therefore, as long as water is avoided from contacting the steel pipe, the steel can be kept from rusting during transportation. The steel pipe itself has the physical property that it is not easy to bind and fix. Due to the influence of its physical properties such as shape, volume, size and weight, it is difficult to tie and fasten it in actual transportation, and it is also prone to movement during navigation and cause physical damage.
2. Force majeure - environmental factors
According to statistics, more than ten percent of marine accidents are directly or indirectly caused by force majeure. The cargo damage of steel pipes during sea transportation caused by force majeure is mainly manifested in three aspects:
(1) The severe weather makes the ship shake and turbulent violently, causing the lashing equipment to exceed the safe load, causing the cargo to move or be squeezed and damaged
(2) During the voyage, the ship encounters bad weather continuously, so that the cargo hold cannot be ventilated for a long time, resulting in a large amount of condensation in the hold and rusting of the cargo;
(3) The ship's ventilation equipment or watertight equipment is damaged by strong winds and waves, causing water to enter the cabin and cause damage to the cargo.
3. The ship is unseaworthy or unsuitable for cargo--ship factors
It is the carrier's legal obligation to ensure the seaworthiness of the ship and the fitness of the cargo hold. The main manifestations of cargo damage to steel products during sea transportation caused by ship factors are:
(1) The cargo hold is not watertight and cannot resist the foreseeable risk at sea, resulting in flooding of the cargo hold:
(2) The cargo hold is not thoroughly cleaned and dried, causing other residual cargo to corrode the steel;
(3) The sewage system cannot work effectively, and the sewage is not discharged in time, causing rust damage; the ventilation equipment has inherent defects, and the cargo cannot be properly ventilated during the voyage, etc.
4. Neglect of management and improper management - a human factor
The statistical analysis of maritime surveys shows that more than 80% of the accidents are caused by human factors, involving the damage of steel pipes, mainly as follows:
(1) Failing to properly stow, lash and operate, resulting in physical damage;
(2) Failure to carefully and diligently store the cargo, resulting in damage to the cargo, such as failing to monitor the temperature and humidity of the cargo hold, the height of the sewage in the sewage well, and failing to discharge the sewage in time,
(3) Effective and correct ventilation is not carried out, and regular inspection and re-strengthening of the firm state of the binding are not carried out, etc.
1. The characteristics of the steel pipe itself - the cargo factor
The steel pipe itself is easy to rust. This is because when steel products are transported in a humid environment, after contacting moisture and oxygen in the air, an oxidation reaction will occur at room temperature, resulting in the iron element on the surface turning into rust (iron oxide). This characteristic is determined by the chemical properties of the steel pipe itself and is inherent. But any chemical reaction requires external conditions, and the external conditions for steel pipes to rust are water and oxygen, both of which are indispensable.
The oxygen component will inevitably come into contact with the steel during actual transportation, but water can avoid contact with the steel. Therefore, as long as water is avoided from contacting the steel pipe, the steel can be kept from rusting during transportation. The steel pipe itself has the physical property that it is not easy to bind and fix. Due to the influence of its physical properties such as shape, volume, size and weight, it is difficult to tie and fasten it in actual transportation, and it is also prone to movement during navigation and cause physical damage.
2. Force majeure - environmental factors
According to statistics, more than ten percent of marine accidents are directly or indirectly caused by force majeure. The cargo damage of steel pipes during sea transportation caused by force majeure is mainly manifested in three aspects:
(1) The severe weather makes the ship shake and turbulent violently, causing the lashing equipment to exceed the safe load, causing the cargo to move or be squeezed and damaged
(2) During the voyage, the ship encounters bad weather continuously, so that the cargo hold cannot be ventilated for a long time, resulting in a large amount of condensation in the hold and rusting of the cargo;
(3) The ship's ventilation equipment or watertight equipment is damaged by strong winds and waves, causing water to enter the cabin and cause damage to the cargo.
3. The ship is unseaworthy or unsuitable for cargo--ship factors
It is the carrier's legal obligation to ensure the seaworthiness of the ship and the fitness of the cargo hold. The main manifestations of cargo damage to steel products during sea transportation caused by ship factors are:
(1) The cargo hold is not watertight and cannot resist the foreseeable risk at sea, resulting in flooding of the cargo hold:
(2) The cargo hold is not thoroughly cleaned and dried, causing other residual cargo to corrode the steel;
(3) The sewage system cannot work effectively, and the sewage is not discharged in time, causing rust damage; the ventilation equipment has inherent defects, and the cargo cannot be properly ventilated during the voyage, etc.
4. Neglect of management and improper management - a human factor
The statistical analysis of maritime surveys shows that more than 80% of the accidents are caused by human factors, involving the damage of steel pipes, mainly as follows:
(1) Failing to properly stow, lash and operate, resulting in physical damage;
(2) Failure to carefully and diligently store the cargo, resulting in damage to the cargo, such as failing to monitor the temperature and humidity of the cargo hold, the height of the sewage in the sewage well, and failing to discharge the sewage in time,
(3) Effective and correct ventilation is not carried out, and regular inspection and re-strengthening of the firm state of the binding are not carried out, etc.
