Weldability refers to the difficulty of obtaining excellent welded joints for welded pipes under the conditions of certain welding processes, including welding methods, welding materials, welding specifications and welding structures.

Spatter is the metal that flies out of the molten pool during the welding process of seamless pipes. Splashes are easy to scratch seamless pipes, pollute the protective glasses of welding helmets, pollute the filters and frosted glass of equipment cameras, etc.

Oil casing (octg pipe) is a steel pipe used to support the walls of oil and gas wells to ensure the normal operation of the entire oil well after the drilling process and completion. Each well uses several layers of casing according to different drilling depths and geological conditions. Cement cementing is used after the casing is lowered into the well. Unlike oil pipes and drill pipes, it cannot be reused and is a one-time consumable material. Therefore, the consumption of casing accounts for more than 70% of all oil well pipes.

Preheating before welding is a technological measure to properly heat the steel pipe locally and as a whole before welding. Its purpose is to reduce the cooling rate of welded joints, avoid hardened structures and reduce welding stress and deformation. It is an effective method to prevent welding cracks in steel pipes (such as seamless pipes and welded pipes).

During the forming process of the spiral submerged arc welded pipe, the wrong edge, the thickness of the edge of the plate, the change of the gap between the forming seam and the swing of the bridge, etc., will affect the welding quality and cause defects such as inclusions and pores. When producing thick-walled spiral submerged arc welded pipes, inclusions and pores are more likely to occur than thin-walled submerged arc welded pipes. The inclusions and pores in the weld weaken the effective working cross-sectional area of the weld, reduce the plasticity and toughness of the welded joint, and thus reduce the expected performance of the steel pipe.

Submerged arc welded steel pipe (LSAW pipe or SSAW pipe) weld surface indentation refers to a weld defect in which the weld surface is partially lower than the normal surface of the weld, and is a common weld surface defect in submerged arc welding. In the production of submerged arc welded steel pipes, the weld seam is usually relatively long. Especially in the production of one-step spiral submerged arc welded steel pipes, it is often the case that thousands of meters of submerged arc welds are welded at one time, so it is relatively easy to produce pits on the surface of the weld.